19 documentos corresponden a la consulta.
Palabras contadas: torre: 19
de la Torre, A. - Alexander, P.
Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005;32(17):1-4
2005
Temas: Atmospheric temperature - Climatology - Global positioning system - Upper atmosphere - Weather satellites - Mountain waves - Radio occultation - Gravity waves - atmospheric wave - GPS
Descripción: A significant wave activity in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere at midlatitudes (30-40S) above the Andes Range was recently detected from Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPS RO) temperature profiles, retrieved from SAC-C (Satélite de Aplicaciones Cientficas-C and CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) satellites. Previously, large amplitude, long vertical wavelength structures have been reported in this region, as detected from other limb-sounding devices and have been identified as mountain waves (MWs). The capability of GPS RO observations to detect typical MWs with horizontal wavelengths shorter than 150 km, as well as the proper association of the observed wave activity to mountain forcing is put in doubt. Other three possible sources are discussed. In particular, the generation of inertio-gravity waves by geostrophic adjustment near to a permanent jet situated above the mountains, may constitute another important mechanism in this region. These waves may possess longer horizontal and perhaps shorter vertical wavelengths than those typically expected in MWs and could be more easily detected from limb-sounding profiles. The "jet" mechanism will be discussed in a second paper. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.
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Bochicchio, R.C. - Torre, A. - Lain, L.
J Chem Phys 2005;122(8)
2005
Temas: Condensed matter - Cumulants - Molecular systems - Quantum fields - Computational methods - Correlation methods - Electrons - Functions - Mathematical models - Matrix algebra
Descripción: This paper describes a matrix formulation for the correlated hole theory within the framework of the domain-averaged model in many electron systems (atoms, molecules, condensed matter, etc.). General relationships between this quantity and one-particle reduced density matrices for any independent particle or correlated state functions are presented. This formulation turns out to be suitable for computational purposes due to the straightforward introduction of cumulants of two-particle reduced density matrices within the quantum field structure. Numerical calculations in selected simple molecular systems have been performed in order to determine preliminary correlated values for such a quantity.
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Lain, L. - Torre, A. - Bochicchio, R.
J Chem Phys 2002;117(11):5497-5498
2002
Descripción: Fil:Bochicchio, R. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.
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Hocke, K. - Tsuda, T. - De La Torre, A.
J. Geophys. Res. D Atmos. 2002;107(20):XIX-XX
2002
Temas: 3322 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Land/atmosphere interactions - 3362 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Stratosphere/troposphere interactions - 3384 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Waves and tides
Descripción: Longitudinal dependences of stratospheric gravity wave (GW) fluctuations and lower ionospheric irregularities (sporadic E) at midlatitudes are studied by means of radio occultation data of the Global Positioning System/Meteorology Experiment (GPS/MET) satellite mission. The zonal average of temperature variance of GW fluctuations with vertical scales less than 7 km at northern midlatitudes is observed to be similar to that at southern midlatitudes, but there is a significant interhemispheric difference in the longitudinal dependence of GW fluctuations. The GPS/MET data at northern midlatitudes show a rapid change of the gravity wave distribution from 25 to 35 km height, resulting in a broad maximum of temperature variance located over the Atlantic and Eurasia. We only find in the wave distribution at h = 25 km some weak traces of possible orographic effects. On the other hand, the distribution of GW fluctuations at southern midlatitudes has a strong and sharp maximum over Andes, which is obviously due to orographic wave generation by the interaction of surface wind with the Andean mountain ridge. This observation of the new GPS radio occultation technique is in agreement with previous measurements of spaceborne microwave and infrared limb sounders. The amplitude of the average wave field increases with height over Andes, while the amplitude maximum moves westward, against the prevailing wind. The temperature fluctuations have an apparent, dominant vertical wavelength of around 6 km. In situ measurements by a balloon-borne rawinsonde at Ushuaia, Argentina (54.7°S, 68.1°W) are compared to a simultaneous GPS/MET temperature profile. The balloon observations of temperature and horizontal wind are interpreted by a large amplitude mountain wave propagating to the upper stratosphere. Wave characteristics and atmospheric background conditions are investigated in detail for this mountain wave observation. Finally, the GPS/MET experiment indicates enhanced sporadic E in the lower ionosphere over Southern Andes. We assume that these plasma irregularities are generated by enhanced, upward wave flux due to the possible orographic effect of Andes. Copyright 2002 by the American Geophysical Union.
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Alcoba, D.R. - Torre, A. - Lain, L. - Bochicchio, R.C.
J Chem Phys 2005;122(7)
2005
Temas: Chemical picture - Computational costs - Energy decomposition - Physical space partitioning schemes - Algorithms - Atoms - Chemical bonds - Computational methods - Costs - Decomposition
Descripción: This work describes simple decompositions of the energy of molecular systems according to schemes that partition the three-dimensional space. The components of those decompositions depend on one and two atomic domains thus providing a meaningful chemical information about the nature of different bondings among the atoms which compose the system. Our algorithms can be applied at any level of theory (correlated or uncorrelated wave functions). The results reported here, obtained at the Hartree-Fock level in selected molecules, show a good agreement with the chemical picture of molecules and require a low computational cost in comparison with other previously reported decompositions.
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Schmidt, T. - de la Torre, A. - Wickert, J.
Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008;35(16)
2008
Temas: Extractive metallurgy - Gravitation - Gravitational effects - Gravity waves - Hydrodynamics - Potential energy - Temperature control - Tropical engineering - Waves - Altitude ranges
Descripción: We discuss the global gravity wave (GW) activity expressed by the specific potential energy in the altitude range from 5 km below to 10 km above the tropopause, derived from GPS radio occultation data from CHAMP (2001-2008). The GW analysis is based on vertical detrending of the individual measured temperature profiles by applying a Gaussian filter in two different ways: (i) filtering of the complete temperature profiles and (ii) separate filtering of the profiles for the tropospheric and lower stratospheric parts. The separate filtering method significantly reduces the usually observed wave activity enhancement in the tropopause region which highly depends on the performance of the complete filtering method to reproduce the change in the temperature gradient at the tropopause. We only consider vertical wavelengths less than 10 km. The global mean potential energy in the tropopause region deduced with these different background temperatures will be analyzed, differences will be emphasized and possible error sources of the new method will be considered. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.
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Alcoba, D.R. - Bochicchio, R.C. - Lain, L. - Torre, A.
J Chem Phys 2010;133(14)
2010
Temas: Cumulants - Dissociation process - Equilibrium conformation - Many-body - Molecular systems - Pure state - Second-order reduced density - Spin entanglement - Dissociation - Electron correlations
Descripción: In this paper we propose a functional of the many-body cumulant of the second-order reduced density matrix within the spin-free formalism of quantum chemistry which quantifies the idea of electron correlation and allows one to detect spin entanglement. Its properties are rigorously stated and discussed for spin-adapted pure states. Numerical determinations are performed for both equilibrium conformations and dissociation processes in molecular systems. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.
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Alexander, P. - de la Torre, A. - Llamedo, P.
J. Geophys. Res. D Atmos. 2008;113(16)
2008
Temas: Computer simulation - Global positioning system - Gravity waves - Radio waves - Wavefronts - amplitude - computer simulation - GPS - gravity wave - refractive index
Descripción: The horizontal averaging of global positioning system radio occultation retrievals produces an amplitude attenuation and phase shift in any plane gravity wave, which may lead to significant discrepancies with respect to the original values. In addition, wavelengths cannot be straightforwardly inferred due to the observational characteristics. If the waves produce small departures from spherical symmetry in the background atmosphere and under the assumption that the refractivity kernel may be represented by a delta function, an analytical expression may be derived in order to find how the retrieved amplitudes become weakened (against the original ones). In Particular, we study the range of waves that may be detected and the consequent reduction in variance calculation, which is found to be around 19%. A larger discrepancy was obtained when comparing an occultation variance with the one computed from a numerical simulation of that case. Wave amplitudes can be better resolved when the fronts are nearly horizontal or when the angle between the occultation line of sight and the horizontal component of the wave vector approaches π/2. Short horizontal scale waves have a high probability of becoming attenuated or of not being detected at all. We then find geometrical relations in terms of the relative orientation between waves and sounding, so, as to appropriately interpret wavelengths extracted from the acquired data. Only inertio-gravity waves, which exhibit nearly horizontal fronts, will show small differences between detected and original vertical wavelengths. Last, we analyze the retrieval effect on wave phase and find a shift between original and detected wave that generally is nonzero and approaches π /4 for the largest horizontal wavelengths. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.
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Alcoba, D.R. - Torre, A. - Lain, L. - Bochicchio, R.C.
J Chem Phys 2007;127(10)
2007
Temas: Functions - Fuzzy rules - Correlated state functions - Energy decompositions - Molecular systems - Reduced density matrix - Space partitioning - Molecular physics
Descripción: This article is a continuation of our previous paper on schemes of energy decompositions of molecular systems in the real space [D. R. Alcoba, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 074102 (2005)] now using correlated state functions. We study, according to physical arguments, the appropriate management of the density cumulant arising from the second-order reduced density matrix at correlated level, whose contributions can be assigned to one-center or to two-center terms in the energy partitioning. Our treatments are applied within two physical space partitioning schemes: the Bader partitioning into atomic basins and the fuzzy atom procedure. The results obtained in selected molecules are analyzed and discussed in detail. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.
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Hocke, K. - Tsuda, T. - De La Torre, A.
J. Geophys. Res. D Atmos. 2002;107(20):5-1-5-16
2002
Temas: Andes - GPS radio occultation - Mountain wave propagation - Orographic waves - Sporadic E - Stratospheric gravity waves - Data reduction - Global positioning system - Gravity waves - Ionosphere
Descripción: Longitudinal dependences of stratospheric gravity wave (GW) fluctuations and lower ionospheric irregularities (sporadic E) at midlatitudes are studied by means of radio occultation data of the Global Positioning System/Meteorology Experiment (GPS/MET) satellite mission. The zonal average of temperature variance of GW fluctuations with vertical scales less than 7 km at northern midlatitudes is observed to be similar to that at southern midlatitudes, but there is a significant interhemispheric difference in the longitudinal dependence of GW fluctuations. The GPS/MET data at northern midlatitudes show a rapid change of the gravity wave distribution from 25 to 35 km height, resulting in a broad maximum of temperature variance located over the Atlantic and Eurasia. We only find in the wave distribution at h = 25 km some weak traces of possible orographic effects. On the other hand, the distribution of GW fluctuations at southern midlatitudes has a strong and sharp maximum over Andes, which is obviously due to orographic wave generation by the interaction of surface wind with the Andean mountain ridge. This observation of the new GPS radio occultation technique is in agreement with previous measurements of spaceborne microwave and infrared limb sounders. The amplitude of the average wave field increases with height over Andes, while the amplitude maximum moves westward, against the prevailing wind. The temperature fluctuations have an apparent, dominant vertical wavelength of around 6 km. In situ measurements by a balloon-borne rawinsonde at Ushuaia, Argentina (54.7°S, 68.1°W) are compared to a simultaneous GPS/MET temperature profile. The balloon observations of temperature and horizontal wind are interpreted by a large amplitude mountain wave propagating to the upper stratosphere. Wave characteristics and atmospheric background conditions are investigated in detail for this mountain wave observation. Finally, the GPS/MET experiment indicates enhanced sporadic E in the lower ionosphere over Southern Andes. We assume that these plasma irregularities are generated by enhanced, upward wave flux due to the possible orographic ettect of Andes. Copyright 2002 by the American Geophysical Union.
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Lobayan, R.M. - Bochicchio, R.C. - Lain, L. - Torre, A.
J Chem Phys 2005;123(14)
2005
Temas: Electron-density topology - Molecular systems - Population analysis - Unpaired densities - Carrier concentration - Chemical bonds - Integration - Molecules - Population statistics - Topology
Descripción: This work studies the partitioning of the electron density into two contributions which are interpreted as the paired and the effectively unpaired electron densities. The topological features of each density field as well as of the total density are described localizing the corresponding critical points in simple selected molecules (local formalism). The results show that unpaired electron-density concentrations occur out of the topological bonding regions whereas the paired electron densities present accumulations inside those regions. A comparison of these results with those arising from population analysis techniques (nonlocal or integrated formalisms) is reported. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.
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Alcoba, D.R. - Lain, L. - Torre, A. - Bochicchio, R.C.
J Chem Phys 2005;123(14)
2005
Temas: Atomic domains - Density matrix - Electron system - Spatial decomposition - Atoms - Chemical bonds - Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions - Electrons - Matrix algebra - Molecules
Descripción: This work describes a simple spatial decomposition of the first-order reduced density matrix corresponding to an N -electron system into first-order density matrices, each of them associated to an atomic domain defined in the theory of atoms in molecules. A study of the representability of the density matrices arisen from this decomposition is reported and analyzed. An appropriate treatment of the eigenvectors of the matrices defined over atomic domains or over unions of these domains allows one to describe satisfactorily molecular properties and chemical bondings within a determined molecule and among its fragments. Numerical determinations, performed in selected molecules, confirm the reliability of our proposal. © 2005 American Institute of Physics.
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Alexander, P. - Luna, D. - Llamedo, P. - De La Torre, A.
Ann. Geophys. 2010;28(2):587-595
2010
Temas: Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (Middle atmosphere dynamics; Waves and tides) - atmospheric dynamics - atmospheric tide - atmospheric wave - GPS - gravity wave - open ocean - satellite mission - seasonal variation - stratosphere
Descripción: We first study the seasonal and geographical behavior of gravity wave activity in the lower stratosphere over the southernmost Andes mountains and their prolongation in the Antarctic Peninsula by global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) temperature profiles, obtained between years 2002 and 2005 by the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) mission. The observed features complement observations in the same zone by other satellite passive remote sensing instruments, which are able to detect different height regions and other spectral intervals of the wave spectrum. Comparisons with previous GPS RO studies in smaller areas than the one covered in our analysis are also established. Significant seasonal variation of wave activity is observed in our work, in agreement with results from other instruments. The locations of significant cases indicate that topography is an important source. Some strong wave activity is also found over open ocean. Critical level filtering is shown to have an attenuation effect, implying that a large fraction of the observed activity can be considered to be an outcome of mountain waves. The studied region has a significant advantage as compared to other regions of our planet: it generates wavefronts nearly aligned with the North-South direction (almost parallel to the mountains), whereby this geometry favors the wave detection by the nearly meridional line of sight characterizing most of the GPS RO observations used. A distribution of the observed gravity waves in terms of amplitudes and wavelengths is also presented.
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Alcoba, D.R. - Torre, A. - Lain, L. - Massaccesi, G.E. - Oña, O.B.
J Chem Phys 2013;139(8)
2013
Temas: Change of basis - Configuration interactions - Expectation values - Natural orbitals - Quantitative evaluation - Rapid convergence - Slater determinants - Unitary transformations - Electrospinning - Magnetic moments
Descripción: This work extends the concept of seniority number, which has been widely used for classifying N-electron Slater determinants, to wave functions of N electrons and spin S, as well as to N-electron spin-adapted Hilbert spaces. We propose a spin-free formulation of the seniority number operator and perform a study on the behavior of the expectation values of this operator under transformations of the molecular basis sets. This study leads to propose a quantitative evaluation for the convergence of the expansions of the wave functions in terms of Slater determinants. The non-invariant character of the seniority number operator expectation value of a wave function with respect to a unitary transformation of the molecular orbital basis set, allows us to search for a change of basis which minimizes that expectation value. The results found in the description of wave functions of selected atoms and molecules show that the expansions expressed in these bases exhibit a more rapid convergence than those formulated in the canonical molecular orbital bases and even in the natural orbital ones. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
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Hierro, R. - Llamedo, P. - De La Torre, A. - Alexander, P. - Rolla, A.
J. Geophys. Res. D Atmos. 2012;117(3)
2012
Temas: Atmospheric water - Baroclinic - FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC - Meteorological phenomena - Midlatitudes - Mountain regions - Potential temperature - Presence of water - Radio occultations - South America
Descripción: Meteorological phenomena are closely linked to the presence of water vapor. They mainly originate and develop in the troposphere, where almost all the atmospheric water is concentrated. The Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPS RO) technique provides vertical profiles of refractivity from which other properties such as temperature and water vapor can be derived. The GPS RO capability to reproduce global, synoptic, and regional climatological patterns over South America, which is a mostly oceanic continent, is tested. From FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission data (2006-2010), our previous knowledge regarding global and synoptic/regional patterns of temperature, equivalent potential temperature, specific humidity, and pressure is verified. Special cases such as baroclinic disturbances arriving at South American midlatitudes and storm events over a mountain region near the Andes are analyzed. The temporal evolution and the latitude-longitude distribution in several layers of the variables listed above are well described with this technique. Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.
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de la Torre, A. - Alexander, P. - Llamedo, P. - Menéndez, C. - Schmidt, T. - Wickert, J.
Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006;33(24)
2006
Temas: Atmospheric temperature - Global positioning system - Jets - Numerical analysis - Troposphere - Upper atmosphere - Weather satellites - Wind - Challenging mini-satellite payload - Low earth orbit
Descripción: A significant wave activity (WA) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, mainly during winter, was detected at midlatitudes in the southern hemisphere (30-40S) above the Andes Range, from an analysis of Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPS RO) temperature profiles retrieved by CHAMP (CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload) and SAC-C (Satélite de Aplicaciones Científicas-C) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, between May 2001 and February 2006. The possible main gravity wave sources in this region are: i) orographic forcing, ii) geostrophic adjustment and iii) deep convection. The available vertical resolution of GPS RO soundings does not rule out any of these alternatives. Based on satellite imaginary, the WA enhancements cannot be attributed to deep convection events. Inertia-gravity waves (IGWs) could be generated after a geostrophic adjustment process, following a perturbation of the zonal jet situated above the Andes Mountains by mountain waves (MWs). The monthly WA intensity follows the zonal wind velocity strength according to its seasonal variability at jet altitudes. As the GPS-LEO lines of sight are roughly meridionally aligned and the morphology of the Andes at middle latitudes is predominantly north-south, it was possible to detect MWs as well as IGWs from GPS RO temperature profiles. This characteristic does not apply for other mountain range alignments. From the analysis of a numerical simulation at the time and location of a single RO event with very strong WA, two main modes of oscillation with horizontal wavelength around 40 and 200 km were identified. The first one is attributed to a MW and the second one to an IGW. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union.
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Alexander, P. - De La Torre, A. - Llamedo, P. - Hierro, R. - Schmidt, T. - Haser, A. - Wickert, J.
Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2011;4(9):1777-1784
2011
Temas: air temperature - artifact - climatology - comparative study - COSMIC - decadal variation - digital mapping - filter - GPS - perturbation
Descripción: GPS radio occultation satellite data allowed to analyze in the last decade for the first time a large amount of atmospheric temperature profiles including both the troposphere and the stratosphere all over the globe. Wave amplitude enhancements have been systematically observed around tropopause levels, which are apparently due to artifacts generated by any digital filter used to isolate the wave components from these data. We present a new filtering method which can be equally applied to temperature or refractivity profiles. It was tested with synthetic temperature data based on NCEP reanalyes and observed wave climatologies and it was also statistically validated with GPS radio occultation profiles from the COSMIC mission. The suggested technique significantly reduces artificial enhancements around the tropopause, mainly at low latitudes, where a sharp lapse rate change usually exists. This represents an improvement in comparison to previous applications of standard filters. In addition it would allow the study of longer vertical wavelengths than previously done with other filtering procedures. © Author(s) 2011.
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De La Torre, A. - Alexander, P. - Hierro, R. - Llamedo, P. - Rolla, A. - Schmidt, T. - Wickert, J.
J. Geophys. Res. D Atmos. 2012;117(2)
2012
Temas: Atmospherics - Computer simulation - Gravity waves - Remote sensing - Research - Upper atmosphere - Wave energy conversion - Wavelet transforms - Weather forecasting - Antarctic Peninsula
Descripción: Above the southern Andes range and its prolongation in the Antarctic Peninsula, large-amplitude mountain and shear gravity waves observed with Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model simulations during winter 2009 are analyzed. Two specific reasons motivated this study: (1) a decade of satellite observations of temperature fluctuations in the stratosphere, allowing us to infer that this region may be launching the largest-amplitude gravity waves into the upper atmosphere, and (2) the recent design of a research program to investigate these features in detail, the Southern Andes Antarctic Gravity wave Initiative (SAANGRIA). The simulations are forced with ERA-Interim data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The approach selected for the regional downscaling is based on consecutive integrations with weekly reinitialization with 24 h of spin-up, and the outputs during this period are excluded from the analysis. From 1 June to 31 August 2009, five case studies were selected on the basis of their outstanding characteristics and large wave amplitudes. In general, one or two prevailing modes of oscillation are identified after applying continuous wavelet transforms at constant pressure levels and perpendicularly to the nominal orientation of the dominant wave crests. In all cases, the dominant modes are characterized by horizontal wavelengths around 50 km. Their vertical wavelengths, depending on a usually strong background wind shear, are estimated to be between 2 and 11 km. The corresponding intrinsic periods range between 10 and 140 min. In general, the estimated vertical wavelength (intrinsic period) maximizes (minimizes) around 250-300 hPa. The synoptic circulation for each case is described. Zonal and meridional components of the vertical flux of horizontal momentum are shown in detail for each case, including possible horizontal wavelengths between 12 and 400 km. Large values of this flux are observed at higher pressure levels, decreasing with increasing height after a progressive deposition of momentum by different mechanisms. As expected, in the wintertime upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in this region, a prevailing zonal component is negative almost everywhere, with the exception of one case above the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. A comparison with previous experimental results reported in the region from in situ and remote sensing measurements suggests a good agreement with the momentum flux profiles computed from the simulations. Partial wave reflection near the tropopause was found, as considerable departures from equipartition between potential and kinetic wave energy are obtained in all cases and at all pressure levels. This ratio was always less than 1 below the lower stratosphere. Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union.
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Minotti, F. - Giuliani, L. - Grondona, D. - Della Torre, H. - Kelly, H.
J Appl Phys 2013;113(11)
2013
Temas: Collision term - Collisionality - Different-magnetic fields - Electron mass - Electron momentum equations - Filtered arc - Microinstabilities - Boundary layers - Carrier concentration - Electron density measurement
Descripción: A model is developed to describe the electrostatic boundary layer in a positively biased magnetic filter in filtered arcs with low collisionality. The set of equations used includes the electron momentum equation, with an anomalous collision term due to micro-instabilities leading to Bohm diffusion, electron mass conservation, and Poisson equation. Analytical solutions are obtained, valid for the regimes of interest, leading to an explicit expression to determine the electron density current to the filter wall as a function of the potential of the filter and the ratio of electron density at the plasma to that at the filter wall. Using a set of planar and cylindrical probes it is verified experimentally that the mentioned ratio of electron densities remains reasonably constant for different magnetic field values and probe bias, which allows to obtain a closed expression for the current. Comparisons are made with the experimentally determined current collected at different sections of a positively biased straight filter. © 2013 American Institute of Physics.
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