Descripción: The objective of this research is to study the main variability modes of the frequency of extreme temperatures in the south of South Amenica, their relation to sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and some indices of atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere. Observational data and reanalysis data were used for this purpose over the 1964-2003 period. An initial analysis showed that between the months of March and June, the frequency of wann events (especially warm nights) is highly associated with the SST in coastal zones. A wavelet analysis showed that the main variability mode found at a seasonal scale was an 8-year wave signal present in spning that remains active until the 1990s; it was noticeable in the analysis of cold nights, Atlantic SSTs, Pacific SSTs, and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). A cross-wavelet analysis among them reflected this signal as a common variability mode, with the positive phase of the SAM congruent with the warmest conditions in the coastal zones of the Atlantic Ocean and lower cases with cold nights at the reference meteorological stations analyzed. Although longer series are desirable for low-frequency variability analysis, the results agree with previous studies that take into account an 8-year periodicity of the baroclinic waves at the Southern Hemisphere, supporting the relevance of the 8-year signal. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.

Descripción: We investigate a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmological model with cold dark matter coupled to a modified holographic Ricci dark energy through a general interaction term linear in the energy densities of dark matter and dark energy, the total energy density and its derivative 1. Using the statistical method of X2-function for the Hubble data, we obtain H0 = 73.6km/sMpc, ωs = -0.842 for the asymptotic equation of state and zacc = 0.89. The estimated values of Ωc0 which fulfill the current observational bounds corresponds to a dark energy density varying in the range 0.25R < ρx < 0.27R. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.

Descripción: We investigate a universe filled with interacting dark matter, holographic dark energy, and dark radiation for the spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetime. We use a linear interaction to reconstruct all the component energy densities in terms of the scale factor by directly solving the balance's equations along with the source equation. We apply the χ 2 method to the observational Hubble data for constraining the cosmic parameters, contrast with the Union 2 sample of supernovae, and analyze the amount of dark energy in the radiation era. It turns out that our model exhibits an excess of dark energy in the recombination era whereas the stringent bound Ωx(z≃1010) < 0.21 at big-bang nucleosynthesis is fulfilled. We find that the interaction provides a physical mechanism for alleviating the triple cosmic coincidence and this leads to Ωm0/Ωx0≃Ωr0/Ωx0≃O(1). © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and Società Italiana di Fisica.

Descripción: We analyze a universe filled with interacting dark matter, a scalar field accommodated as dark radiation along with dark energy plus a decoupled radiation term within the framework of the spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetime. We work in a three-dimensional internal space spanned by the interaction vector and use a transversal interaction Qt for solving the source equation in order to find all the interacting component energy densities. We asymptotically reconstruct the scalar field and potential from an early radiation era to the late dominate dark energy one, passing through an intermediate epoch dominated by dark matter. We apply the χ2 method to the updated observational Hubble data for constraining the cosmic parameters, contrast with the Union 2 sample of supernovae, and analyze the amount of dark energy in the radiation era. It turns out that our model fulfills the severe bound of Ωφ{symbol}(z≃1100)<0.018 at 2σ level, is consistent with the recent analysis that includes cosmic microwave background anisotropy measurements from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the South Pole Telescope along with the future constraints achievable by Planck and CMBPol experiments, and satisfies the stringent bound Ωφ{symbol}(z≃1010)<0.04 at 2σ level in the big-bang nucleosynthesis epoch. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and Società Italiana di Fisica.