Contenido: El articulo defiende la relevancia del marco de la nación para comprender los procesos de construcción de la identidad e intenta demostrar que cada nación del nuevo mundo constituye una formación de diversidad singular a lo largo de su historia. Desde esta perspectiva, la categoría de identidad utilizada habitualmente por los científicos sociales puede ser desdoblada con provecho en dos tipos: las alteridades históricas, es decir, aquellas que se constituyen en el campo interlocucional de la nación a lo largo de su historia, y las identidades políticas, o sea, las que surgen y se difunden con gran rapidez en el contexto global para jugar un papel en el reclamo de derechos y recursos.

Contenido: From a language policy and planning (LPP) perspective, the current global pandemic exacerbates long-standing concerns about language education policies and practices that sustain social and global inequalities across linguistic and social populations and identities. There is an urgent need for language users, educators, and researchers to counter those inequalities by filling and opening ideological and implementation spaces for multiple languages, literacies, identities, and practices to flourish in classroom, community, and society. Here, using the lens of scaled and interactive implementational and ideological spaces, and focusing on four ethnographic studies of Indigenous education in the Andes and Mexico, I explore intertwined dynamics of LPP that could be harnessed to address the widening inequalities Covid has wrought in access to Indigenous education and in Indigenous practices of speaking and being.

Contenido: Climate change and the Anthropocene pose numerous challenges for all sectors of humanity. From anthropology, one of them is how to use the deep situated knowledge on human-environment relations for adaptation to accelerated environmental change, especially in frontier communities that are both the traditional object of study of the discipline and the main affected groups by environmental deterioration. Niche construction theory is then discussed as a holistic way of integrating this knowledge and the example of the Gran Chaco is described. To this end, both past practices of landscape domestication and the main current modifications are considered, and a recent socio-environmental problem is analyzed: the flooding of the Toba community of Sombrero Negro in 2018. Finally, we describe climate projections for the area and make a call for a biological anthropology that is useful for living in the Anthropocene.

Contenido: El tema central de esta tesis es la investigación antropológica de la dinámica socio-territorial del sudoeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, a partir de analizar la articulación entre los imaginarios de diversos grupos sociales y sus ritmos de vida. Para abordarlo, se elaboró una etnografía de los imaginarios sobre el desarrollo territorial de esta región, particularmente en el distrito de Tornquist, a partir de tres casos de estudio complementarios, sistematizados en base al trabajo de campo entre los años 2006 y 2014: patrimonio cultural, turismo rural y producción agropecuaria. El propósito general de la tesis es producir conocimiento antropológico sobre la dinámica sociocultural y productiva de la región, principalmente en su dimensión simbólica, como insumo para políticas públicas de planificación, prospectiva e intervención en el territorio. 

Contenido: In order to investigate the genetic impact that the Hispanic conquest would have generated in the native groups settled in the Middle and Lower Paraná, samples of pre and post-Hispanic individuals of this region were analyzed Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups were identified using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). The data were compared with those from other pre- and post-Hispanic archaeological sites and with contemporary samples. We observed a higher prevalence of native B haplogroup, in the post-Hispanic samples, without significant difference with the pre-hispanic group of the lower and middle Parana region. Both groups present similar haplogroup frequencies of those found in samples from Gran Chaco and the Córdoba province. This corresponds with archaeological data and the documentary sources about the Santiago del Baradero reduction (Buenos Aires province), with the prohibition of the departure of women from the reduction and the shortage of foreigners.

Contenido: Presentamos una síntesis del estado actual del conocimiento acerca de las características tafonómicas de los ambientes boscosos patagónicos, con el objetivo de comprender los sesgos que pueden afectar la representación esqueletaria de los conjuntos faunísticos recuperados en nuestros estudios en la localidad arqueológica Meliquina, Parque Nacional Lanín, provincia del Neuquén. En concordancia con el postulado de que el bosque patagónico no es un ambiente homogéneo, se observa una gran heterogeneidad en cuanto a factores bioestratinómicos y fosildiagenéticos que afectan la representación faunística en distintos sectores del mismo. Pese a la supervivencia diferencial entre agregados depositados bajo reparo rocoso y a cielo abierto, todos los conjuntos brindaron información sobre la presencia, y en algunos casos, la importancia de recursos boscosos en la dieta.

Contenido: El trabajo aborda la problemática de la memoria política en Argentina a través de recientes intervenciones polémicas del relato de la llamada "Conquista del Desierto", la empresa militar que concluyo con la dominación de los indígenas en la Patagonia en 1879. Dichas intervenciones, desde la toma del espacio publico en tomo a monumentos alegóricos hasta algunas realizaciones de artistas visuales hacen referencia a la ultima dictadura militar y a otros sucesos de la politica reciente en Argentina. El caso es analizado como el proceso de transformación de uno de los relatos civilizatorios de origen de la Argentina moderna que ubico a la figura militar en su centro. Esta figura comienza a ser desplazada por el discurso critico a la violación de los derechos humanos por la ultima dictadura (1976 - 1983) y, en consecuencia, modifica el discurso hegemónicos de la genealogía nacional instalada por las tradiciones conservadoras den el país.

Contenido: This work aims to historize the meanings given to the notions of indigenous participation, ethnic identity and interculturality, in educational proposals and policies aimed at indigenous peoples of Chaco. Focusing on recent and current history, and most specifically, on two periods: the 1960s, 1970s and the development of Intercultural Bilingual Education from 2010 to 2014. Methodologically, the study recovers the results obtained in the framework of research accredited by scientific bodies, and for empirical description, we rely on documentary analysis (educational regulations, documents prepared by indigenous or non-indigenous organizations) as well as testimonies obtained through in-depth interviews. 

Contenido: This paper analyses the relationship between maternal educational level (MEL) and child and adolescent nutritional status. An anthropometric study was carried out on 3166 schoolchildren aged 3 to 14 years from La Plata (Buenos Aires) and nutritional categories were determined based on body weight, height and body mass index (BMI). The MEL was obtained by means of a survey. Most of the population presented healthy nutritional status, although a bias towards overweight was observed, regardless of the MEL. Height was the most informative and differentiating variable of the population in relation to the MEL: schoolchildren whose mothers had low educational levels showed smaller heights and higher risk of suffering from it, while the group with high MEL showed higher heights and sexual dimorphism. Higher maternal schooling seems to result in better child growth in the long run.

Contenido: En éste trabajo exploramos como niños y jóvenes a través de su participación en bandas y orquestas musicales son reproductores de valores, instituciones e ideales tan grandes como la nación, la música mexicana, las casas de cultura, la familia. Ellos con sus esfuerzos individuales o colectivos las recrean y reproducen frecuentemente en situaciones de precariedad e incertidumbre, sin un entendimiento más amplio de la función que están cumpliendo.

Contenido: Ante la retórica del Bicentenario le toca a la antropología, considerada a veces como la ciencia de la diferencia, ofrecer aproximaciones posibles a la diversidad cultural pasada y presente de nuestras configuraciones estatales; es decir al pluralismo cultural objetivamente vigente, para tratar de entender algunos de los aspectos más críticos de las relaciones interculturales contemporáneas. Esto supone reconocer que la interculturalidad puede ser comprendida como el aspecto dinámico de la pluralidad, en la medida que implica la vinculación de actores sociales pertenecientes a diferentes esferas culturales. Y pluralidad cuya existencia objetiva y proyección hacia el futuro, depende precisamente de las características de las relaciones interculturales. Dichas relaciones brindan visibilidad a la pluralidad y, a la vez, de su naturaleza depende el futuro mismo de la pluralidad cultural; ya que no es factible el mantenimiento de una diversidad signada por la desigualdad que ha tipificado a nivel histórico y contemporáneo, la vinculación entre las sociedades nativas y los estados nacionales surgidos de las independencias criollas. Palabras claves: Interculturalidad, Indigenas, Territorialidad, América Latina, Industrias Extractivas

Contenido: In the present work, we will analyze the construction of an “Intercultural Neighborhood” settled on the Curruhuinca´s community, in the department of San Martín de los Andes. According to do that, at first we will focus in different narratives that, as an icon, dispute the meaning of the neighborhood ass well the locality, under the “community cultural integration” discursive. We start by considering that this scenario replicates - at the micro level - the social, economic, political and cultural tensions that characterize this tourist plaza. In second place, we will show the difficulties that the articulating interests, modes of political practice, management experiences, relationship formats -with different state levels- and different cultural traditions arise in a scenario characterized with an heterogeneity of actors involved in the construction of the “Intercultural Neighborhood”.

Contenido: Since the 1950s, Anthropology in Argentina has followed a path that combines professionalization, the construction of institutions and the creation of academic publications. In recent decades, these processes have also been linked to changes in the circulation of scientific knowledge, the creation of postgraduate courses and thematic specialization. Throughout these decades, the journal Runa has contributed to the reflection and construction of imaginaries and positions on Anthropology in our country, and its history can be read in the traces of some of the theoretical and political struggles within local Anthropology. In this interview, Dr. Sergio Visacovsky reviews these processes from the perspective of someone who has alternated professional training abroad and in our country, and has contributed to generating new fields of research. Through dialogue, we can recognize connections between these issues and other broader processes, such as national crises, the recovery of the Argentinean scientific system and the concerns about the possibilities of researching, publishing and being read from the South.

Contenido: In this work I present and explore the way in which space expresses milestones of social memory among inhabitants of El Cajón, Catamarca, Argentina, resulting in a highly dynamic product rather than an immutable plane. Particularly, I analyze how local cartographic imagination is conveyed through true oral maps in which the territory condenses notions regarding history, geography, myths and cultural practices.  The inquiry, triggered as a consequence of ethnographic attempts to make a map with local dwellers, attempts to examine the way in which memory unfolds in the territory, as well as to reflect on the methodological reformulations that the cartographic co-construction process entailed.

Contenido: Partiendo de la presente situación de crisis en el dominio de la construcción del conocimiento en Sociología y Antropología sociocultural, basada en el cuestionamiento al concepto de Razón propuesta por la Ilustración en el que se han apoyado los distintos paradigmas teóricos, el autor plantea la necesidad de una nueva fundamentación del  conocimiento a partir del concepto de interdisciplinariedad capaz de encerrar en si misma una concepción epistemológica que acepte la existencia de estándares de racionalidad alternativos. Para ello reflexiona acerca de la disposición del concepto de crítica y de los dilemas que se derivan de la inserción de los investigadores en el proceso de investigación. Destaca los alcances y límites de las principales líneas hermenéuticas y, sobre todo, analiza la propuesta de Pedro Demo sobre la investigación participativa.

Contenido: In 2015 I obtained a doctoral scholarship from CONICET to investigate a topic that interested me since my undergraduate training as an anthropologist: education in prisons. Due to multiple circumstances, it was only in 2017 that I was able to enter the field to document a literacy experience where students and teachers were imprisoned. In this article I am interested in reconstructing some central aspects of my research process, linked to fieldwork but also to writing the thesis, to understand the reasons that led me to postulate that, at the moment, I don´t wish to investigate in prisons again (under the same conditions), although I do feel committed to carrying out different militant work activities against them.

Contenido: The Uruguayan population has traditionally been considered "without Indians." After almost 150 years, in 1996 the population began to be questioned about "ethnicity or race", which culminated in the 2011 Census. In this, 2.5% of the population recognized indigenous ancestry as their main ancestry, and 5.1% declared that they had indigenous ancestors. These data are not consistent with those observed when studying maternal or autosomal genetic ancestry (35 and 14% native contribution, respectively.The facts and processes that led to the invisibility of native people and their descendants are analyzed from historical sources, and in particular, their geographical distribution and socioeconomic level. It is also analyzed the gender of those who were integrated into the national society, and the lack of voice of women over a long period, since it was indigenous women that were integrated into the national society.  

Contenido: This paper focuses on a cave with rock art located in the province of Catamarca, northwestern Argentina. However this rock shelter is more than an archaeological site; it is also a powerful salamanca, an event/place of acquisition of extraordinary gifts through diabolical pacts. Faced with this paradigmatic study case, we ask ourselves: is it possible to conserve a salamanca? Based on this question and our particular experience visiting the cave, this paper aims to discuss and reflect about the scopes, tensions and disputes around notions of heritage and conservation, but also on the affects produce in fieldworks. How should we act, as archaeologists, in relation with the legal implications of protecting the "archaeological site"? Is it possible to reconcile such conservation/restoration actions with the current uses of the cave? Is the shelter only an "archaeological site"? In the course of this essay, we present some problematic points where conservation, archaeology and local uses of heritage meet.

Contenido: This article summarizes some of the contributions of the stable isotope analysis to the knowledge about the strategies in food consumption of the pre-Hispanic societies that occupied Northwest Argentina, stressing how the isotopic information was interpreted to understand the intensification of maize (Zea mays) in different ecoregions: the Puna, mainly in the micro-region of Antofagasta de la Sierra (ANS, Catamarca) and the province of Jujuy; in the ecoregion of Monte de sierras y bolsones (hills and ravines monte), in the mesothermal and high valleys of Catamarca and Tucumán provinces and in the Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy; and finally, in the San Francisco River basin (Yunga, Jujuy). The results obtained show different historical trajectories in the economic systems that took place in the macro-region, rather than linear and univocal trends over time.

Contenido: The Museum of Patagonia “Dr. Francisco P. Moreno” belongs to the Nahuel Huapi National Park of the National Parks Administration (MP), which is the quintessential reservoir of archaeological, ethnographic, and historical collections of Northpatagonia and the Andean zone. Within the objectives of the Nahuel Huapi National Park Management Plan, updating its archaeological inventory was established as a priority. In this context, the "Andrés Giai" collection produced as a result of explorations commissioned by the museum's management in 1943 was addressed. Possible disagreements between Giai and the institutional management caused the archaeological objects to be protected without associated documentation, obscuring their conservation and study. From a transdisciplinary perspective, which proposes adding contributions from the fields of archaeology, history and the analysis of materials science, this article gives an account of the network of documentary evidence associated with the explorations, collections, and management of the Museum. In this way we managed to identify documentation, trace its route and historical context to the archaeological collections of the MP, mainly, reassemble a multiple repository for the entire Giai collection. In this sense, this work allows us to begin to transform the conditions of heritage and accessibility of these museological collections.