Diagnóstico Ultrasonográfico de Shunts Portosistémicos en Pequeños Animales: Retrospectiva de 37 Casos (2014-2019)

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron describir la ultrasonografía portal, detallar el diagnóstico ultrasonográfico de los shunts portosistémicos y analizar retrospectivamente casos del Hospital Escuela de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Del total de pacientes, el 97.2 % fueron caninos y el 2.7 % felinos. De los caninos, el 47.2 % fueron machos y el 52.7 % hembras. Respecto a las razas, el 36.1 % fueron indefinidas, 16.6 % caniches, 13.8 % yorkshire terrier, 8.3% schnauzer miniatura y 5.5 % shih-tzu. Del total de shunts, 72.9 % fueron congénitos extrahepáticos, 21.6 % intrahepáticos, 2.7% intrahepático y extrahepático simultáneo. Solo 2.7 % fue adquirido secundario a hipertensión portal. De los shunts congénitos extrahepáticos, 88.8 % fueron portocava, 7.4 % gastrocava izquierda y 3.7 % portoácigos. En un 81 %, se diagnosticó microhepatia, en 62.1 % renomegalia bilateral y en 21.6 % urolitiasis. Concluimos que la ultrasonografía en modo B y doppler vascular son métodos eficientes para diagnosticar y clasificar shunts portosistémicos.

The objectives were to describe the portal ultrasound, detail the ultrasound diagnosis of the portosystemic shunts and analyze the data submitted and obtained from the clinical records. From all the patients, 97.2 % were canine patients and 2.7 % one feline patient. From the canine patients, 47.2 % were male and 52.7 % female. Regarding the canine breeds, 36.1 % were mixbreed, 16.6 % poodle, 13.8 % yorshire terrier, 8.3 % miniature schnauzer and 5.5 % shih-tzu. From all the recorded shunts, 72.9 % were congenital extrahepatic, 21.6 % congenital intrahepatic, 2.7 % intrahepatic and extrahepátic simultaneously. Only 2.7 % was acquired secondary to portal hypertension. Related to congenital extrahepatic shunts, 88.8 % were portocaval, 7.4 % left gastrocaval and 3.7 % portoazigos. About the main B-mode ultrasonographic findings, 81 % were patients with microhepatia, 62.1 % with bilateral renomegalia and 21.6 % with urolithiasis. With this work, we could conclude that B mode and doppler ultrasound are efficient complementary methods for the diagnosis and classification of portosystemic shunts.